Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases: From Immunopathogenic Networks to Targeted Therapeutic Strategies

Immune-mediated skin diseases (IMSDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory dermatoses driven by dysregulated immune activation and characterized by diverse clinical phenotypes, prolonged or relapsing disease courses, and frequent systemic involvement. Advances in the understanding of key inflammatory pathways, particularly the IL-17/23 and JAK/STAT signaling axes, have transformed therapeutic paradigms from broad immunosuppression toward mechanism-based targeted interventions, including JAK inhibitors. This review systematically summarizes the classification, molecular pathogenesis, comorbidity burden, and evolving therapeutic landscape of IMSDs, providing an integrated framework to support clinical diagnosis, disease stratification, and individualized management.