Imidazole-Based Metal Complex Derivatives: A Comprehensive Overview of Synthesis and Biological Applications
Arpita F. Hiremath, Pradeep Kumar M. R., Kalirajan Rajagopal, Rashu Barua, Safia Obaidur Rab, Mohammed Ali Alshehri, Talha Bin EmranAbstract:
The imidazole scaffold is a cornerstone in medicinal chemistry, widely recognized for its extensive range of biological activities and ability to form stable metal complexes. This review article provides a detailed overview of recent advancements in synthesizing, characterization, and biological evaluation of metal-complexed imidazole derivatives. We explored various synthetic strategies to create diverse metal-based imidazole complexes, emphasizing innovations that enhance efficiency and yield. Furthermore, we delve into the biological profiling of imidazole derivatives, summarizing key findings from studies investigating their antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and other therapeutic properties. Special attention is given to metal coordination's role in modulating these compounds' biological activity. The review discusses the synthesis of imidazolemetal complexes, illustrating how metal ions such as copper, zinc, and iron enhance the pharmacological profiles of imidazole derivatives. Thus, the data from numerous studies was collated and analyzed to comprehensively understand the current landscape and future prospects in imidazole chemistry associated with metals. It is a valuable resource for researchers, guiding future investigations and fostering the development of novel metal-based imidazole therapeutics.