In-vitro Effects of Semecarpus auriculatus Leaf Extract on Fibroblast Migration and Cytotoxicity

The present study investigated the metabolomic profiling and pharmacological potential of Semecarpus auriculatus Bedd. leaf extract with a focus on wound-healing activity. Comprehensive metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry putatively annotated approximately 180 phytocompounds, including epicatechin, asiaticoside, and quercetin-4ʹ-glucuronide, while gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed major lipid constituents such as ethyl (9Z,12Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate and 9-octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated a mineral-rich composition dominated by potassium (1,527.80 ppb) and calcium (1,285.44 ppb). The ethanolic extract exhibited antibacterial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus . In vitro studies using L929 fibroblast cells demonstrated concentration-dependent effects, in which lower concentrations (20 µg/mL) significantly enhanced cell migration and wound closure, whereas higher concentrations (100–200 µg/mL) led to reduced cell viability, with an IC ₅₀ value of 75.416 µg/mL, indicating a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect at elevated doses and a modest shift toward the G1 phase. Additionally, the extract reduced nitric oxide production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated fibroblasts, suggesting anti-inflammatory potential that requires further validation at non-toxic concentrations. These findings reveal a biphasic biological response, where lower concentrations promote fibroblast migration and wound closure. Overall, S. auriculatus Bedd. leaf extract demonstrates preliminary wound-healing potential, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties in experimental models used, providing a basis for further wound-healing research.