DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01019-26 ISSN: 0022-538X
Efunaviria, Floreoviria, Pleomoviria,
and
Volvereviria
: four realms of viruses with small DNA genomes to replace realm
Monodnaviria
Mart Krupovic, Arvind Varsani, Simon Roux, F. Murilo Zerbini, Jens H. Kuhn, Eugene V. Koonin ABSTRACT
Realm
Monodnaviria
was established for unification of viruses with small DNA genomes that encode homologous endonucleases initiating rolling circle replication or their inactivated derivatives. However, comprehensive analysis of the expanded virus sequence and structure databases revealed that neither replication nor structural modules within this realm were monophyletic. Consequently,
Monodnaviria
was reorganized by moving three of its four kingdoms to separate new, likely, monophyletic realms,
Efunaviria
,
Pleomoviria,
and
Volvereviria
, and renaming the remaining realm
Monodnaviria
to
Floreoviria
.