Identifying the Predicting Risk Factors of Birth Resuscitation in Term and Preterm Neonates in 2021-2022
Behzad Barekatain, Fatemeh Pourreza, Marzieh Adelnia, Narges MotamediAbstract
Background:
Although most newborns make the cardiorespiratory transition to extrauterine life without intervention, 10% of them require different steps of resuscitation due to hypoxia and asphyxia, most newborns respond to initial steps of resuscitation, and only 1% require advanced resuscitation (chest compression and emergency medication). The aim of this study is to identify the predicting risk factors associated to birth resuscitation.
Methods:
In this “case- control” study, 250 neonates qualified to enter the study were randomly chosen. Half of neonates undergone resuscitation and half needed no intervention. All considered Antepartum and intrapartum risk factors were extracted in delivery/operating room and analyzed using SPSS ver 25.
Results:
72 (57.6%) newborns in case group needed resuscitation with continous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in delivery unit, 26 (20.8%) neonates required positive pressure ventilation (PPV), 21 (16.8%) babies responded to initial steps of resuscitation while 5 (4%) neonates needed endotracheal intubation and only 1 (0.8%) was given chest compressions. Epinephrine/volume expander was administered to no newborns. There was a positive correlation between the need for resuscitation and following risk factors: preterm labor, chronic maternal illness (Specially Hypothyroidism), cesarean section, steroid therapy before delivery, prolonged rupture of membrane, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, preeclampsia, and fetal breech presentation. On multiple regression; preterm labor, chronic maternal illness (Specially Hypothyroidism), and fetal breech presentation revealed as independent risk factors that made birth resuscitation necessary.
Conclusion:
Accurate resuscitation risk factor identification and correct pregnant women screening can properly prepare health personnel for prompt neonatal resuscitation and significantly decreases morbidity and mortality in newborns.