Hybrid-Dimensional Silver Nanowire/Sodium Alginate: MXene Transparent Electrodes for High-Performance Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Abstract

High-performance flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) are critical for flexible displays and wearable devices, yet high roughness and long-term environmental stability remain significant hurdles for commercial applications. Herein, a hybrid-dimensional architecture is proposed to fabricate FTCEs by integrating 1D silver nanowires (AgNWs), 2D MXene nanosheets, and 3D bio-based sodium alginate (SA) through a facile all-aqueous process. Thanks to the robust hydrogen-bonding network between MXene and SA, the hybrid FTCE exhibits remarkable mechanical stability and minimal resistance deterioration over 180 days of ambient storage. The optimized AgNWs/SA:MXene FTCE achieves 87.8% transmittance at 550 nm with a sheet resistance of 12.3 Ω sq–1. Moreover, flexible green OLEDs based on hybrid FTCE demonstrate an outstanding peak luminance of 24,687 cd m–2 and an external quantum efficiency of 23.9% with suppressed efficiency roll-off, which is attributed to the enhanced interfacial wettability and reduced root-mean-square surface roughness. This work provides a sustainable and versatile strategy for developing high-performance, eco-friendly flexible optoelectronics.