Hospital Acquired Infections Surveillance and Infection Prevention and Control Trough Time
Hilda G Hernández Orozco, M Esperanza Lucas-Resendiz, M Rosa Hernandez-Garia, M Verónica Zarate-Espinal, José L Castañeda Narváez, Eduardo Arias de la Garza, Cyntia Ibanes Gutierrez, Giancarlo H Cristerna Tarraza, Patricia Saltigeral SimentalAbstract
Background
The systematic collection of valid data related to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is considered effective for infection prevention and control programs. New strategies to reduce HAIs were implemented over time for several years. However, some events like COVID 19 pandemia influenced it.
Methods
A retrospective, descriptive analysis of inpatients with hospital-acquired infection (HAI) from January 2010 to December 2023 was performed. We collected cases by surveillance in 5 periods: 1 (from January 2010 to December 2011), 2 (from January 2012 to December 2014) traditional surveillance, 3 (from January 2015 to December 2017), 4 (from January 2018 to December 2020) and 5 period (from December 2021 to December 2024) active surveillance. The results of surveillance over the 5 periods were examined and some changes of PCI program.
Results
A total of 6,787 inpatients, including 11.317 HAI cases, were analyzed. The incidence of HAIs in period 5 in pandemia time was greater (10.8 HAIs per 1,000 patient days) than that in other periods (between 8.2 to 8.7 per 1,000 patient days) but was not significantly different χ2 = 15, p < 0.378. Bloodstream infection decreased from 6.2 to 1.6 per 1,000 catheter days, Pneumonia decreased from 9.3 to 4.7 per 1,000 ventilator days. Urinary tract infections decreased from 6.2 to 2.6 per 1,000 catheter-urinary days. PCI changes: 2013 used of bundle to prevent bloodstream infections, 2015 4 nurses, 2017 review and change HAIs definitions, biosecurity and train the trainer for hand hygiene workshops, 2018 hand hygiene online course, 2019 primary caregiver and patient education program, used of bundle to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia, 2020 five PCI new courses on line, 2021 sent communications to standardize 17 prevention points to the services and placed on the institute's website, 2022 used bundle to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection.
Conclusions
The adoption of strategies and accurately collect HAI cases was useful to keeping HAIs rates stables but a new event show us it was not consolidate the PCI strategy because we have a higher rate in pandemic period, and we need make changes to continue reducing HAIs rates.