Holistic model for managing non-ionizing radiation in an underground mine technical room based on measurements and simulations

Introduction/purpose: Underground mining environments contain numerous electromagnetic sources whose cumulative emissions may increase occupational exposure to non-ionizing radiation (NIR). The aim of this study is to assess exposure levels and propose a management model for NIR control in a mining technical room. Methods: Field measurements of electric and magnetic fields were conducted using a Narda NBM-550 system, combined with three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations performed in CST Studio Suite. Measurements and simulations were carried out in three critical mining zones: Main Transport Tunnel, Technical Room, and Power Supply Area. Results: The highest electric field level was recorded in the Technical Room due to simultaneous operation of multiple wireless and electrical sources. Simulation results confirmed field superposition and reflection effects, with local peak values reaching 25.2 V/m (41% of ICNIRP reference limits). Conclusion: The integration of measurements and simulations enables a holistic management approach for occupational NIR exposure. The proposed model supports risk assessment, preventive planning, and continuous monitoring in complex underground environments.