Histological Evaluation of Human Skin Biopsies Following Subdermal Helium Plasma Radiofrequency Treatment
Melinda Lacerna Kimbrell, J. David HolcombBackground:
Helium plasma radiofrequency (RF) is an energy-based device that delivers controlled subdermal coagulation and contraction. Although anecdotal reports suggested improvement in the quality of the overlying skin following subdermal treatment, quantifiable data on biological markers remain limited.
Methods:
This prospective, single-arm study was conducted at 2 US sites. Seven patients undergoing lower rhytidectomy surgery received adjunctive helium plasma RF treatment to the neck, submentum, and lower face, with untreated mid- and upper-face areas serving as internal controls. Paired 3–5-mm punch biopsies were collected at baseline and at day 180 for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of collagen, elastin, fibrillin-1, and inflammatory markers. Safety, healing, and aesthetic outcomes were assessed through day 180.
Results:
Helium plasma RF–treated tissue demonstrated a 30% increase in elastin fiber density (Van Gieson) and a 34% reduction in inflammation (hematoxylin and eosin). Immunohistochemical revealed a 55% increase in elastin staining intensity and 27% increase in elastin fiber incidence in treated tissue. No significant fibrosis, epithelial disruption, or other adverse microscopic changes were observed. Clinically, all patients showed improvement in both Investigator and Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scales scores (100%) at every follow-up. By day 180, participants reported high satisfaction and visible improvements in skin elasticity, youthfulness, and radiance. No serious adverse events occurred.
Conclusions:
Helium plasma RF was well tolerated and induced favorable dermal remodeling, characterized by increased elastin and reduced inflammation without significant fibrosis. These findings provide direct human evidence that helium plasma RF initiates a regenerative biological process that enhances skin quality.