High‐Temperature Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Based on BiScO 3 ‒PbTiO 3 for High‐Temperature Vibration Energy Harvesting
Heng‐Tao Liu, Qian Wang, Chun‐Ming WangABSTRACT
Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) convert ambient vibration into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect and have attracted considerable interest as sustainable power sources for wireless electronic devices. However, conventional PEHs are based on Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) ceramics, whose piezoelectric performance decreases at elevated temperatures, limiting their application in high‐temperature environments. Here, BiScO 3 ‒ y PbTiO 3 ‒ x Bi(Mg 1/2 Hf 1/2 )O 3 (BS‒ y PT‒ x BMH) ternary perovskite piezoceramics are developed for high‐temperature PEHs (HT‐PEHs). BMH incorporation modifies the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the BiScO 3 ‒PbTiO 3 system, increases lattice distortion, and refines the ferroelectric domain size, leading to enhanced piezoelectric performance. The optimal composition exhibits a Curie temperature ( T C ) of 425°C and a room‐temperature piezoelectric constant ( d 33 ) of 519 pC/N. More importantly, a maximum d 33 of 878 pC/N is achieved at 390°C, demonstrating excellent piezoelectric stability over a broad temperature range. The improved piezoelectric properties lead to enhanced energy‐harvesting performance, with cantilever beam HT‐PEHs incorporating BS‒ y PT‒ x BMH piezoceramics achieving a remarkable 36.5%‒43.5% improvement in open‐circuit voltage compared to binary BS‒PT MPB counterparts. These results indicate that BS‒ y PT‒ x BMH ceramics are suitable for high‐temperature vibration energy harvesting.