High‐Detectivity Near‐Infrared Semitransparent Organic Photodetectors Toward Noninvasive Sensing

ABSTRACT

Near‐infrared (NIR) semitransparent organic photodetectors (ST‐OPDs) hold great promise for noninvasive sensing, enabling monitoring without blocking visible light. Their practical deployment, however, is hindered by a fundamental trade‐off between average visible transmittance (AVT) and NIR detectivity. To address this, we develop a photoelectric integration strategy that combines Nb ₂ C MXene interface engineering of the hole transport layer (HTL) for electrical optimization with high‐throughput computational optical design for optical management. The MXene‐modified hybrid HTL induces phase separation within the PEDOT:PSS matrix, boosting charge extraction and delivering a measured‐noise‐derived specific detectivity ( D ^* _sh ) of 5.10 × 10 ¹² Jones at 1050 nm for opaque OPDs. Guided by high‐throughput optical screening, a bilayer optical coupling layer concurrently enhances visible transparency and NIR harvesting, yielding a ST‐OPD with AVT of 50.11% and D ^* _sh of 6.07 × 10 ¹¹ Jones at 1050 nm, thereby breaking the longstanding AVT‐ D ^* trade‐off. The universality of this design is further validated in an extended detection band at 1350 nm, where comparable performance enhancement is achieved. As a proof of concept, these ST‐OPDs enable real‐time, non‐destructive monitoring of tomato leaf water status in a simulated greenhouse and ethanol concentration in wine. This work establishes a generalizable design framework for high‐detectivity ST‐OPDs, with broad implications for see‐through optoelectronic systems.