High-Strength Steel in Civil Engineering Structures: A Review of Material Behaviour, Durability, Fatigue and Component Performance

High-strength steel has attracted increasing attention in civil engineering because of its high strength-to-weight ratio and potential for material-efficient design. This narrative review, supported by a structured literature search, summarizes recent advances in the material behaviour, durability and structural performance of high-strength steel. The discussion covers constitutive behaviour, fatigue and fracture, corrosion degradation, high-temperature and post-fire properties, residual stresses, structural members and connections. Existing studies show that increasing steel strength is commonly accompanied by reduced ductility and strain-hardening capacity, while local buckling, residual stress, welding-induced heterogeneity, fatigue damage, corrosion and thermal degradation remain important design concerns. The accuracy of current design provisions varies with steel grade, product form, section geometry, failure mode and exposure condition, and direct extension from conventional steels is not always appropriate. Future research should emphasize coupled degradation mechanisms, consistent material characterization, broader experimental validation and design models with clearly defined applicability limits.