High-risk human papillomavirus infection (HPV 16/18) and its determinants among women in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a population-based cross-sectional study, 2021
Mamaru Getinet, Mohammed Jemal, Temesgen Baylie, Bayu Wendmneh, Gelagay Baye, Derese Sinamaw Asmare, Muluken Getinet, Bantayehu Addis Tegegne, Aysheshim Belaineh, Enyew Fenta Mengistu, Gashaw Azanaw Amare, Adane Adugna, Zigale Hibstu Teffera, Habtamu BelewObjective
This study aimed to assess high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (HPV 16/18) and its determinants among women in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.
Design
An institutional-based cross-sectional study.
Setting and participants
The study was conducted among 337 women screened for cervical cancer in two hospitals in East Gojjam Zone from February to April 2021 gregoriean calander.
Results
The prevalence of HPV infection was 14.2% (95% CI: 10.7% to 18.1%). The mean age of the respondents was 36.7±9.1 years. Women in the age group of 55–65 years (adjusted OR (AOR)=7.91, 95% CI: 1.95 to 32.09), early initiation of sexual intercourse (AOR=5.36, 95% CI: 1.58 to 18.13), history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) (AOR=3.52, 95% CI: 1.27 to 9.72), HIV positive status (AOR=6.8, 95% CI: 1.99 to 23.54) and number of lifetime sexual partners (AOR=4.37, 95% CI: 1.15 to 17.3) were important independent factors associated with the presence of oncogenic HPV infection.
Conclusion and recommendation
We found a relatively low prevalence of high-risk HPV infection. Age, early initiation of sexual intercourse at less than 18 years, history of STI, being HIV seropositive and multiple sexual partners were important factors for high-risk HPV infection. Women aged >46 years, women with early initiation of sex, a history of STI, being HIV positive and a history of multiple sexual partners should be encouraged to be screened and vaccinated for HPV infection. Wider-ranging studies are also needed in HPV-infected women in association with the cervical lesion.