High-performance xanthene dyes based on 10-position atom substitution strategy

Abstract

Small-molecule fluorescent probes, particularly xanthene-based dyes such as rhodamines and pyronins, have become indispensable tools for visualizing complex biological processes with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this review, we summarized recent advances in atom substitution at the 10-position of xanthene dyes and discussed how this strategy has enabled the development of high-performance activatable fluorescent probes for biological imaging. We further highlighted the extension of this molecular design to resonance Raman probes, opening new opportunities for highly multiplexed imaging of living systems.