Hierarchically structured core–shell nanofibrous membrane for one‐step blood separation and liver biomarkers detection

Abstract

Chronic liver disease (CLD) affects over 844 million people and causes more than 2 million deaths annually worldwide. Current blood tests, though convenient and low‐cost, require plasma separation using bulky instruments with lengthy turnaround times. Herein, we have proposed a permeation‐biosensing membrane integrating membrane separation with electrochemical biosensor for on‐site quantification of lactate and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP). This membrane is one‐step weaved by core‐shell nanofibers through potential‐regulated electrospinning. Its top side is featured by a biocompatible porous structure to effectively reject blood cells to allow plasma permeation. The bottom side immobilized the bio‐recognizer (enzyme or antibody) to capture liver biomarkers (lactate or AFP). Using finger‐prick blood from clinical patients, the membrane achieves total analysis times of 140 s for lactate and 22 min for AFP, including the blood separation and analysis periods. This facile and onsite whole‐blood‐test membrane enables a portable device for home‐in daily monitoring of long‐term liver disease.