Heritage in the classroom: Strengthening early childhood education through socio-cultural perspectives

This study explored the integration of culturally responsive early childhood care and education (ECCE) in Tanzania, focusing on its challenges and opportunities. It was guided by a qualitative case study design. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving 60 participants from six districts with low ECCE enrolment. Thematic analysis revealed key challenges such as cultural diversity, language barriers, curriculum responsiveness, teacher preparedness and inadequate culturally relevant resources. Despite these challenges, the findings suggest significant opportunities including the use of local languages, traditional games, community engagement and livelihood activities to enhance learning. The study concludes that culturally responsive ECCE is essential for improving children's engagement, identity and learning outcomes. The study recommends curriculum flexibility, strengthened teacher training and investment in culturally relevant materials to support effective and inclusive ECCE implementation in Tanzania.