Hemoglobin Adsorption/Desorption Studies of New Generation Stimuli Responsive Polyacrylic Acid‐Cu ²⁺ Hybrid Nanoflowers (PAA@Cu ²⁺ hNFs)

ABSTRACT

In our study, pH‐responsive poly(acrylic acid)‐Cu ²⁺ hybrid nanoflowers (PAA@Cu ²⁺ hNFs) were fabricated by using poly(acrylic acid) and Cu ²⁺ ions in phosphate‐buffered saline solution (PBS). For comparison, pure copper phosphate nanoflowers (Cu NFs) were fabricated. Synthesized PAA@Cu ²⁺ hNFs and Cu NFs were characterized using SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, zeta potential, and DLS measurements. Within the pH range of 6–9, PAA@Cu ^{2 +} hNFs exhibit a spherical, flower‐like porous morphology, with the pH 9 sample showing a more compact, uniform structure and more homogeneous interpetal pores than those at other pH values. Then, hemoglobin (Hb) adsorption studies were also performed using PAA@Cu ²⁺ hNFs and Cu NFs across various parameters, including pH, Hb concentration, ionic strength, temperature, and time. At pH 7, the highest Hb adsorption capacities of PAA@Cu ²⁺ hNFs and Cu NFs were calculated as 961.98 and 94.23 mg/g, respectively. The desorption studies of Hb from the synthesized nanoflowers were performed in an acetate buffer solution including NaCl. The desorption yields of Hb for PAA@Cu ²⁺ hNFs and Cu NFs were calculated as 96.1% and 95.8%, respectively. Then, the reusability of the synthesized nanoflowers for Hb adsorption was evaluated over five cycles. These results suggest that PAA@Cu ^{2 +} hNFs are suitable for Hb separation.