Heat and mass transfer of ternary micropolar nanofluid flow over a stretching and shrinking sheet

Abstract

The present study examines the behaviour of micropolar fluid colloidal blends of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe ₃ O ₄ , CoFe ₂ O ₄ , Mn-ZnFe ₂ O ₄ ) suspended in water. The analysis focuses on stagnation point flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet in the context of incompressible micropolar fluid. Such fluids are gaining importance in biomedical applications. The main aim of this research is to observe the temperature and concentration behaviour with magnetic field, heat source and chemical reaction with ternary hybrid nanofluids at prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed surface concentration (PSC). We quantify the effects of heat source/sink, velocity slip, Schmidt number and chemical reaction. The mathematical model is constructed by utilising micropolar fluid theory and the boundary layer approximation. To facilitate analysis, nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. The analytical examination of this system yields a singular solution for the stretching sheet and two-fold solutions for the shrinking sheet. The main findings are as follows. Increasing the value of the heat source/sink contributes to an increase in fluid temperature, and the opposite behaviour is observed while increasing the velocity slip on both the stretching and shrinking sheets. Increasing the chemical reaction parameter results in a decline in fluid concentration on both the stretching and shrinking sheets. Increasing the magnetic field ( M ) decreases the skin friction coefficient for the stretching surface, and the opposite behaviour is observed in the shrinking sheet. Increasing the heat source results in a decline in Nusselt number; opposite behaviour is observed in Sherwood number for increasing the chemical reaction on both the stretching and shrinking sheets.