Head lice among Greek schoolchildren: Prevalence, impact of the COVID ‐19 pandemic and parental beliefs

Abstract

Head lice infestation (pediculosis capitis) remains a prevalent issue among school‐aged children globally, with social and economic consequences that extend beyond the medical domain. This study investigates the prevalence of head lice infestation among Greek children before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, examines associated sociodemographic and behavioural factors and explores parental beliefs and treatment practices. A structured online questionnaire capturing self‐reported infestation frequency, treatment practices and parental beliefs was completed by 227 parents/guardians of children attending Greek kindergartens and primary schools. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests, chi‐square tests and Spearman correlations. Self‐reported infestation frequency decreased significantly during the pandemic, consistent with reduced interpersonal contact. Manual removal of lice and children's higher social extroversion showed weak associations with more frequent infestation. Parental adherence to recommended treatment use was generally high, although misconceptions—particularly regarding pet transmission and hygiene—persisted. Although self‐reported infestation frequency was not high in most households, parental misconceptions may hinder effective prevention and management. Educational interventions targeting these misconceptions could support more evidence‐based responses and reduce the social stigma associated with lice infestation in school communities.