Hashimoto’s encephalopathy revealed by behavioral disorder: A Case Report

Introduction Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is defined by the association of encephalopathy and increased thyroid antibodies, with various modes of presentation. However, behavioral disturbances are rare and exceptionally revealing in pediatrics. Case Presentation We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with no significant medical history, admitted to the pediatric neurology unit for behavioral disturbances, preceded by a convulsive episode resembling an absence seizure. The biological workup was normal, and the radiological assessment revealed no abnormalities. Immunological tests showed elevated anti-thyroperoxidase antibody levels. The diagnosis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy was made, and the patient was treated with a corticosteroid bolus, with favorable progression. Conclusion Given the wide variety of symptoms, clinical suspicion is essential. Although it may seem excessive, this diagnosis should be considered in the absence of other causes of encephalopathy, as it justifies corticosteroid treatment, and a favorable response can serve as a recurrent diagnostic criterion.