Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Platform for Hands-On Training in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) generation has increased the need for educational and experimental platforms that allow students and researchers to study the dynamics, control strategies, and power conversion stages of grid-connected PV systems under realistic operating conditions. Although Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation is widely used to validate power electronic converters and control algorithms, many existing platforms rely on specialized real-time simulators that limit their accessibility in academic environments. This paper presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective HIL simulation platform for grid-connected PV systems intended for research and training applications. The proposed system integrates real hardware under test within a real-time environment that emulates PV array behavior and grid conditions, combining Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL) and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) techniques. A Texas Instruments C2000 microcontroller is used as the real-time digital simulator, providing an accessible alternative to conventional real-time simulation platforms. The platform architecture, the real-time PV emulator, and the experimental implementation are described and validated through simulation and experimental results. Finally, guided laboratory practices are presented to support hands-on training in PV systems and power electronics.