Gynecological Cancer Screening - Motivations and Barriers Among Disadvantaged Women in Nyíregyháza

Background

Cancer remains a leading cause of death in Hungary, making early detection through organized screening programs vital for reducing mortality. While national programs for breast and cervical cancer are established, reaching certain social groups remains a challenge.

Methods

This mixed-methods research, conducted in Nyíregyháza by the University of Debrecen, investigated health behaviors and screening attitudes. Following a questionnaire survey, three focus group interviews were conducted with 24 disadvantaged women characterized by low socioeconomic status (SES) and low education levels. The study explored their knowledge of prevention and the specific factors influencing their attendance or non-attendance.

Results

Questionnaire data showed relatively high overall participation (77% for cervical and 80% for breast cancer), but participation was significantly lower among economically inactive and less educated women. Focus groups revealed that for low-SES women, fear specifically regarding the examination process, potential diagnosis, and loss of employment is the primary barrier. Participants often visit healthcare providers only when ill, neglecting preventive care. However, they expressed strong support for mobile screening buses as a means to improve accessibility.

Conclusions

Non-attendance is largely driven by information gaps and low health literacy. Improving participation requires tailored health communication and enhanced accessibility. Strengthening the role of family doctors and health visitors through multidisciplinary teamwork involving social and educational sectors is essential for fostering long-term health awareness among disadvantaged groups.

Key messages

• Fear of diagnosis and job loss are the primary barriers to cancer screening for disadvantaged women. Tailored outreach is needed to address these socio-economic concerns and improve attendance.

• Mobile screening buses and enhanced health literacy are crucial for reaching low-SES groups. Success depends on multidisciplinary teamwork between healthcare, social, and educational sectors.