DOI: 10.11648/j.scidev.20250601.11 ISSN: 2994-7154

Growth, Seed and Essential Oil Yield Responses of Coriander (<i>Coriandrum Sativum</i> L.) Varieties to Different Level of Nitrogen at Jimma, South Western Ethiopia

Yonas Muleta, Weyessa Garedew, Girma Hailemichael, Motuma Gemechu
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Coriander productivity in Ethiopia is limited by biotic and abiotic factors, including lack of improved varieties and optimal nitrogen rates. The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Nitrogen rate on phenology, growth, seed yield and quality of coriander varieties at Jimma Ethiopia. The experiment comprised a factorial combination of four coriander varieties (Denkinesh, Indium-01, Gadisa, and Local) and four nitrogen levels (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg/ha) arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Coriander varieties and Nitrogen rate were assigned as main plot factor and sub-plot factor respectively. The result of the study indicated that all phenological and growth parameters were significantly influenced by main effect of nitrogen levels and varieties. Most of the yield- and yield-related parameters were also significantly influenced by the main effects of nitrogen level and variety. The highest values for all growth parameters were recorded from Dinknesh variety. Nitrogen level of 69 kg/ha produced the highest value for all growth parameters. The highest number of seed per umbel was recorded from combined application of Gadisa variety with 46 and 69 kg/ha nitrogen, whereas the lowest number of seed per umbel and number of umbels per plant was recorded from combined application of local variety and 0 kg/ha of nitrogen. Gadisa variety gave the highest 1000 seed weight (10.07g), harvest index (59.74g), seed yield per plot (0.45 kg) and hectare (1.38t). Local variety produced the highest yield of essential oil (0.78%) and amount of essential oil (0.39 mL/50g). Application of Nitrogen at the rate of 69kg/ha produced the highest yield and yield components. Leaf numbers per plant, leaf fresh weight per hectare, number of seed per umbel, number of umbels per plant and amount of essential oil per hectare were significantly influenced by interaction of both factors. The highest number of seed per umbel was recorded from the use of Gadisa variety combined with 46 and 69 Kg/ha nitrogen, whereas the lowest number of seed per umbel and number of umbels per plant was recorded from combined use of local variety and 0 kg/ha of nitrogen. The highest amount of essential oil (L/ha) was recorded from Gadisa and Dinknesh variety grown under nitrogen application at the rate of 46 and 69 kg/ha. Denkinesh could be used for its highest herbal yield, whereas the Gadisa variety could be used for its highest seed yield. Nitrogen rate of 69 kg/ha could be used because it produced the highest result for all measured traits. Further research is needed on locations and seasons to determine the response of coriander varieties to different nitrogen levels before conclusions can be drawn.

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