Growth faltering in infants: a contemporary review

Abstract

Growth faltering, often referred to as failure to thrive (FTT), is a significant and frequently encountered issue in pediatric care. It denotes inadequate growth resulting from a lack of sufficient caloric intake, impaired nutrient absorption, increased metabolic demands, or a complex interplay of biological and psychosocial factors. In this review, we will explore contemporary understanding of growth faltering in infants, addressing definitions, epidemiology, diagnostic evaluations, management strategies, and long-term outcomes. A comprehensive assessment should encompass consistent growth monitoring, detailed nutritional evaluations, developmental assessments, psychosocial screenings, and identification of possible medical causes. Many cases of growth faltering are complex and can be effectively managed through outpatient multidisciplinary care. Hospitalization should only be considered for severe malnutrition, dehydration, suspected abuse or neglect, or when outpatient interventions have failed. Emphasizing a family-centered, multidisciplinary approach is essential to ensure effective management and support for the child’s overall well-being.