Green or eco-friendly synthesis of free-standing 3D-silver oxide/nickel oxide foam for non-enzymatic detection of glucose
Yogapriya Selvaraj, Senthilkumar Nangan, Mohammad Jawaid, Athisaya Rajah Suvitha, Bradha Madhavan, Anbazhagan Venkattappan, Roshan Singh, Deepak VermaAbstract
An eco-friendly and solvent-free synthesis strategy was developed for the synthesis of free-standing 3D-silver oxide/nickel oxide (3D-NiO@Ag 2 O) foam and applied as electroactive probe for the precise electrochemical sensing of glucose. The face entered cubic (fcc) crystal structures of 3D-NiO and 3D-Ag 2 O have identified from XRD analysis. The formation of intact interfacial contact in the mixed metal oxide composite interfaces has observed through morphological and elemental mapping studies. The elemental composition and their oxidation states of 3D-NiO@Ag 2 O were determined from XPS analysis, which further verify the successful development of 3D-NiO@Ag 2 O. After systematic structural and morphological analyses, the prepared 3D-NiO@Ag 2 O employed as freestanding electrode for glucose sensing. Compared with 3D-NiO and 3D-Ag 2 O, the 3D-NiO@Ag 2 O exhibited excelled electrochemical activity toward glucose oxidation reaction. It exhibits rapid response and high sensitivity, yielding glucose low LOD of 0.31 µM in the linear range of 0.01 mM–10 mM. Furthermore, the electrochemical reaction mechanism involved in the detection of glucose was determined by density functional theory (DFT), revealing that the NiOOH and AgOOH are acted as active sites for glucose oxidation.