Green and Sustainable Catalytic Approaches for the Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4 H ‐Chromene‐3‐Carbonitriles: A Comprehensive Review

ABSTRACT

The synthesis of 2‐amino‐4 H ‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles has gained significant research interest because of the pharmaceutical relevance of these derivatives and the growing emphasis on sustainable synthetic approaches. This review discusses recent reports on green catalytic approaches and focuses on sustainable catalytic systems, including nanocatalysts, heterogeneous catalysts, organocatalysts, photocatalysts, and other environmentally friendly catalytic methods. The review compares the performance of the catalysts, the efficiency of the reactions, the reaction mechanism, the possibility of recycling, and the green chemistry metrics, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology. New developments, challenges, and future research avenues are also discussed, facilitating the development of more efficient, scalable, and environmentally friendly synthetic methods. This review can provide useful information for the rational design of next‐generation sustainable catalysts for the preparation of 2‐amino‐4 H ‐chromene‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives.