Graphene Oxide Based Ternary Nanocomposites for Wastewater Treatment

ABSTRACT

Graphene based nanocomposites have evolved exponentially during recent times owing to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, and so on, which make them prominent for diverse research applications. Of these, graphene oxide (GO) and its chemically reduced derivative (rGO) have attained notable attention owing to their versatile synthesis routes and vast applications. Among various applications of GO, wastewater remediation is the main focus of this review. Adsorption method has been highlighted out of all other methods including coagulation, flocculation, reverse osmosis, and so on. Adsorption has emerged as a particularly effective method for water remediation on account of its effectiveness, high efficiency, wide applicability, cost effectiveness, minimal chemical consumption, eco‐friendliness, simple operation, no sludge production. This review focuses on the synthesis approaches for GO and graphene‐based ternary nanocomposites along with their comprehensive characterization. techniques like Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV‐Visible Spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis.

Furthermore, the review highlights current challenges associated with large scale fabrication, catalyst recovery, long term stability, and real waste water applicability, while also addressing future perspectives for the development of sustainable and high‐performance environmental remediation systems.