DOI: 10.4103/wkmj.wkmj_78_26 ISSN: 2707-6180

Global Research Trends on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Immune Recovery in Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Bibliometric and Science-mapping Analysis, 2022–2026

Nurlan Sadykov, Zhalgaskali M. Arystanov, Aziza Omari, Karlygash Akpayeva

A
BSTRACT

Background:

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into a chronic, treatable condition, yet durable viral suppression and immune recovery continue to depend on adherence, retention in care, timely monitoring, and management of biological nonresponse.

Objective:

This study mapped global research trends on ART adherence and immune recovery in HIV from 2022 to April 2026.

Methods:

Bibliographic records were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. The raw search produced 2451 records; after cross-database merging and duplicate/overlap removal, 1,536 records were analyzed. Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny outputs were integrated with additional source, author, country, institution, citation, and keyword visualizations.

Results:

The corpus included 1536 publications from 513 sources, 11,004 unique author name strings, 2,159 affiliation name strings, and 93 country-production entries. Total citations were 10,952, with a mean of 7.13 citations per record and a median of 2. Publication output was stable across complete years: 381 records in 2022, 312 in 2023, 309 in 2024 and 376 in 2025; 2026 was incomplete ( n = 158). The United States led corresponding-author output, followed by China, Ethiopia, Italy, South Africa, and Spain. Frontiers in Immunology and PLOS ONE were the most productive sources. Deeks S, Lewin S, Lichterfeld M, and Chomont N were leading author name strings. Six thematic streams were identified: ART adherence/viral suppression/regimens; CD4 recovery/immune activation/inflammation; HIV reservoirs/latency/cure; co-infections/comorbidities; care-continuum/social determinants; and long-acting ART/digital adherence technologies.

Conclusion:

The field is international and interdisciplinary, but future studies should better integrate behavioral adherence measurement with viral-suppression and immune-recovery endpoints, especially in high-burden settings.

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