GIS-Based Evaluation for Identifying Road Sections Vulnerable to Extreme Winter Weather Conditions

Road infrastructures are fundamental for ensuring connectivity, safety, and the efficient functioning of transportation networks. However, extreme weather conditions, particularly low temperatures and ice formation, pose significant risks to user safety and road conditions. This research focuses on the development of a geospatial model designed to identify road sections exposed to these harsh weather conditions. The model integrates different sources of information, including meteorological and satellite data, topographic information, and road maintenance plans, through a consistent methodology for data processing and analysis. A combination of geospatial analysis and advanced processing techniques was employed to identify and map regions most vulnerable to the formation of ice. The results show good spatial agreement between the areas identified by the model and the available local information, supporting its ability to characterize areas with greater susceptibility to winter-related hazards. This work highlights the potential of the developed geospatial model to support the planning of preventive and maintenance measures on roads. By providing spatial information on susceptibility to low temperatures and ice formation, the model can serve as a decision-support tool for road management, contributing to the planning of targeted interventions and improved road safety. Overall, this study underscores the importance of integrating advanced geospatial techniques into infrastructure management to improve response strategies in the face of extreme weather events.