GIS-Based Comparison of Reported Human–Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Conflict Patterns and Land-Use Composition: Implications for Sustainable Urban Management

Municipal records of human–wildlife conflict are widely available but remain underused for identifying conflict-prone urban interfaces and supporting preventive management. This study compared reported human–wild boar (Sus scrofa) conflict patterns and the land-use composition of high-density report zones in Olsztyn, Poland, in 2010 and 2020. Municipal records of wild boar presence, complaints, and interventions were matched to street-network features and integrated with harmonized land-use data in a geographic information system. Kernel density estimation delineated high-density report zones, Getis–Ord Gi* analysis characterized street-segment clustering, and land-use overlay and descriptive compositional metrics quantified differences between years. High-density zones shifted from an extensive, peripheral configuration in 2010 to a markedly more compact pattern integrated into the urban fabric in 2020. Proportional shares increased for transport (+12.64 percentage points), residential (+10.12), and recreational areas (+2.40), while industrial and wasteland areas (−13.13), grasslands (−6.33), and forests (−4.85) decreased. These findings indicate a reorganization of reported conflict geography, not changes in wild boar abundance, habitat preference, movement behavior, or synurbization. Routinely collected municipal records can support targeted monitoring, traffic-risk mitigation, waste management, green-space planning, and preventive urban wildlife management.