Geometry‐Adaptive Substrate Evaluation of Terahertz Microstrip Dipole and Patch Antennas

Abstract

Terahertz (THz) antennas are key components of next‐generation high‐speed wireless communication and sensing applications, but their performance highly depends on the coupled effect of geometry and substrate's dielectric characteristics. This research proposes a Geometry Adaptive Terahertz Resonance Analysis model for a systematic investigation of the aforementioned interaction by the use of antenna synthesis analysis, substrate‐aware parameter definition, electromagnetic optimization of antennas based on geometry, equivalent circuit modeling, and full‐wave verification. This model is developed for terahertz antennas in the 0.1–10 THz band, whereas all analyses and electromagnetic simulations are carried out for 10 THz, which has been selected as an illustrative frequency for comparative evaluation. Three substrates, such as FR‐4, Rogers RO3010, and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), are studied for microstrip dipole and patch antennas. The results demonstrate that substrate suitability depends on the antenna geometry and not the dielectric property. FR‐4 substrate provides good impedance matching to the patch antenna, and RO3010 and GaAs provide improved dipole radiation characteristics. Thus, the proposed equivalent circuit model matches the simulated impedance response, which validates the analytical approach. Although this research work is purely simulation‐based, the proposed antenna dimensions are feasible for state‐of‐the‐art micro‐fabrication technologies, offering a good basis for future fabrication‐aware optimization and experimental validation of terahertz antenna designs.