GeoHash3D: Robust and Efficient 6-DoF Pose Estimation from 3D Marker Sets

Accurately measuring the six degrees of freedom (6-DoF) pose of a sample is a critical prerequisite for applications in robotic sample handling, optical metrology, and industrial quality control. Our pose estimation problem requires matching a small, partial observation of 4–20 discrete 3D points to a reference point set of up to 50 points. Popular registration algorithms such as Go-ICP, TEASER++, and MAC are designed for large-scale correspondence problems and do not perform reliably in our operating regime. Therefore, we propose an improved geometric hashing method that robustly estimates the rigid transformation in the presence of noise and outliers, and demonstrate its effectiveness and speed using both simulated and real-world datasets.