Generational Adherence to Vegetarian Diets in the Loma Linda Blue Zone and Surrounding Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study Between Adventist and Non-Adventist Populations

Blue Zones, such as Loma Linda, are characterized by exceptional longevity and plant-based diets linked to lower body mass index (BMI) and improved metabolic health. However, shifting lifestyle patterns among younger generations may threaten these historic health advantages. This cross-sectional study surveyed 615 adults in the Loma Linda Blue Zone area and surrounding communities to examine dietary patterns, assess generational adherence to vegetarian diets, and evaluate differences in demographics and BMI across diet, age, and religious affiliation. Participants reported diet type (non-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian, or vegan) and Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) status. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. Data were analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA. Of 615 participants, 39.0% were vegetarians. Vegetarians were significantly more likely to be older (52.1% aged ≥66) and identify as SDA (81.3%) compared to non-vegetarians ( P < .0001). Mean BMI was significantly lower in vegetarians (24.8 kg/m ² ) than non-vegetarians (27.0 kg/m ² , P < .0001). Vegetarians, particularly SDAs, were more likely to have a normal BMI (60.4%). Conversely, most non-vegetarians were non-SDA and younger. In the Loma Linda Blue Zone area and surrounding communities, vegetarian diets—strongly linked to SDA affiliation—are associated with lower BMI and older age. Findings suggest a generational shift toward non-vegetarian patterns, highlighting the importance of longitudinal research and continued community-based health promotion efforts in this region.