Gene-Regulated Mechanisms of Cell Fusion in Budding Yeast

Cell-cell fusion is an essential biological process that is necessary for immune response, tissue morphogenesis, muscle growth, and fertilisation. Because of its genetic accessibility and well-characterized mating mechanism, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become a potent model organism for studying genetically regulated cell fusion. This study examines the mechanisms behind yeast cell fusion, emphasising the regulatory functions of important genes including PRM1, FUS1, and FUS2, as well as the interactions between intracellular signalling pathways, plasma membrane fusion, and cell wall remodelling. Insights into conserved fusogenic proteins and comparisons with other fungi provide a more comprehensive understanding of fusion across species. New methods in synthetic biology and proteomics are also examined because of their ability to analyse protein interactions linked to fusion.