Gender Differences in Self-Image, Personality Traits, and Career Decision-Making among Senior High School Students in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana

Abstract

This study examined gender differences in self-image, personality traits, career counseling knowledge, and career decision-making among senior high school students in Ghana. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 336 students through structured self-report instruments measuring self-image, personality traits, career counseling knowledge, and career choice factors. Pre- and post-program assessments evaluated the effectiveness of a career counseling intervention. Findings revealed significant gender differences: female students reported higher self-image, whereas males demonstrated higher personality trait scores, greater knowledge of career counseling programs, and stronger social influences on career decisions. However, no significant gender differences were found in the overall influence of personal, economic, academic, and institutional factors on career choice. The career counseling intervention significantly improved students’ career knowledge and preparedness. The study concludes that gender-sensitive career counseling programs are essential for enhancing students’ self-awareness, career preparedness, and informed decision-making among senior high school students in Ghana.