GC-MS-based Tracking of Secondary Metabolite Alterations in Coriandrum sativum L. Seeds at Different Developmental Stages
Kavya Mali Patil, Jayalakshmi KamaiahIntroduction:
The composition of molecules in plants depends upon the geographical region and developmental stages. Based on these criteria, the nonpolar components of coriander seeds were examined at different developmental stages.
Methods:
Coriander seeds were collected at four different stages, including from seed formation until seed maturation. All stages of fruit development were analysed by the GC-MS technique.
Results and Discussion:
The study identifies forty-eight molecules, which include secondary metabolites, viz., linalool, squalene, geraniol, geranyl acetate, and phytosterols; alkanes like undecanal, decanal, and dodecanal; and fatty acids such as oleic acid, palmitic acid, etc. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences in non-polar components across different growth stages were observed. The polyunsaturated free fatty acid linoleic acid was detected solely in early fruits with a composition of 7.15%. Linalool, a terpene alcohol, is predominantly found in the highest concentration at the stage of unripe fruits (28.68%) and is found to be at a minimum in the fully matured fruits (9.22%). α-amyrin, another triterpenoid, was also detected in slightly ripe fruits, with a concentration of 0.67%. Geraniol and geranyl acetate were found only in early-stage and slightly ripe fruits. The highest concentration of stigmasterol was observed in slightly ripe fruits (1.68%).
Conclusion:
These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis of secondary metabolites in Coriandrum sativum L seeds during developmental stages. This study emphasises the potential of these bioactive compounds, paving the way for future research in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.