Fuzzy Adaptive Impedance-Based Force and Position Compliance Control for Industrial Manipulators

When a robot performs a grinding operation, the steady-state force/position tracking accuracy of its end-effector is critical to achieving high grinding quality. To solve this problem, a fuzzy adaptive impedance method is incorporated into the robot’s compliant control framework. Firstly, the robot dynamics model is established based on the Newton–Euler method. To describe the robot dynamics more comprehensively, a linear friction compensation model is also introduced. Secondly, a dynamic feedforward trajectory-tracking controller is proposed based on the dynamic model, and its stability is verified using a Lyapunov function. The impedance parameters are adjusted in real time according to the feedback contact force and its rate of change, thereby enabling dynamic equilibrium between the end contact force and end position. This allows the robot end-effector to exhibit compliance during external environmental interactions. Finally, a control platform of a force/position compliance controller was constructed, and two grinding conditions of plane and arc were designed to validate the effectiveness of force/position compliance control based on impedance control. Compared with the fixed impedance approach, the proposed method reduces overshoot by 11.6% (plane) and 12.45% (arc), improves surface roughness from Ra 0.042 μm to Ra 0.021 μm, and achieves faster force tracking with fewer oscillations.