Fusobacterium nucleatum: A Review of Its Role in Oral and Systemic Health

Fusobacterium nucleatum , a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is a significant constituent of the human oral microbiome. It is implicated in periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. This review explores the characteristics, virulence mechanisms, and clinical implications of F. nucleatum , with particular attention to its role in maternal health and oral carriage rates, as highlighted by recent studies.