Functional Nanoparticles for the Magnetic Removal of Critical Phthalates from Water

Abstract

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are human-made pollutants of omnipresent concern due to their extensive use as polymer plasticizers and their endocrine-disruptive effects. Although the use of certain compounds has been restricted, PAEs continue to accumulate in aquatic environments through ongoing direct release or leaching from polymeric materials. In this study, we report functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) designed to bind various PAEs via noncovalent interaction motifs. The SPION surface is tailored via self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) while the SPION core enables magnetic collection. Systematic remediation experiments demonstrate the broad-range removal of highly concerning PAEs. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the key interaction features between PAE pollutants and SAM. With regard to potential sources of emissions, PAEs leaching from commercially available soft polyvinyl chloride children’s toys are identified and efficiently removed. Cost-efficient and recyclable functionalized SPIONs provide a sustainable approach for the removal of PAEs from water.