Fully automated electrodeposition of perovskite thin films for efficient solar cells

Electrodeposition technology has shown unique application potential in perovskite solar cell fabrication due to its characteristics of requiring only water and alcohol solvents without the need for high-vacuum environments. However, current related research is still in the preliminary exploration stage (fewer than 50 publications), and most are concentrated on manual laboratory preparation, with prominent issues such as rough process control and poor reproducibility, with few systematic studies on automated control of electrodeposition processes and synergistic regulation of additives. Addressing these issues, this work designs and constructs a fully automated electrodeposition preparation system, which achieves high reproducibility in the preparation of MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. The resulting devices exhibit an efficiency of 7.29%, a 16% improvement over manual preparation, with the efficiency standard deviation reduced from 1.47% to 1.22%. On this basis, by further introducing MACl and FABr additives, the champion efficiency was improved to 15.15%, with the efficiency standard deviation reduced to 0.93%. The automated preparation system and additive regulation strategy proposed in this study provide effective technical support and equipment reference for developing low-cost and environmentally friendly preparation of perovskite solar cells.