From ‘Person with Disability’ to ‘Person in Situation of Disability’: Rethinking Language in Light of Context-Dependency of Functioning

Language significantly influences how disability is perceived and experienced. Within disability studies, terminology carries symbolic, political, and epistemological implications. This essay critically examines the contemporary debate between person-first language (“person with a disability”) and identity-first language (“disabled person”) and proposes the alternative term “person in a situation of disability.” Grounded in the biopsychosocial model, this expression highlights the contextual, dynamic, and relational dimensions of disability. The article draws on historical, conceptual, and practical perspectives to show how environmental and social barriers construct disabling experiences. It argues that this terminology more accurately reflects contemporary understandings of disability as a modifiable interaction between the individual and their context. Such a shift has implications for research, public policy, education, and inclusive practices. Ultimately, adopting “Person in a Situation of Disability” moves beyond mere linguistic preference, representing a commitment to inclusive, anti-stigmatizing, and justice-oriented discourse.