From kinetic nonequilibrium to deviatoric stress: an operator formulation of the first-order Chapman–Enskog transport map

Abstract

The Chapman–Enskog procedure provides the classical asymptotic connection between kinetic nonequilibrium and macroscopic viscous stress. The present work isolates its first-order kinetic-to-stress step as an explicit operator composition. The construction separates the leading-order streaming source, the collisional kinetic response, and the deviatoric second-moment projection into a single transport map. Under explicit solvability, coercivity and bounded-inverse, regularity, and controlled-remainder assumptions, this map is well defined and bounded; hypocoercive estimates may additionally be used in closing the conditional remainder bound. In particular, a nonzero first-order deviatoric stress requires a nonzero first-order kinetic correction, although the converse is not asserted. The result is not a new derivation of the Navier–Stokes constitutive law or viscosity coefficient; its contribution is to make the kinetic-to-macroscopic transport map and its analytic conditions explicit. A BGK example recovers the classical Newtonian constitutive relation.