From Green Supply Chain Management to Supply Chain Viability: The Mediating Role of Supply Chain Resilience

This study examines how green supply chain management (GSCM) contributes to long-term supply chain viability (SCV) and whether supply chain resilience (SCRES) mediates this relationship. Drawing on dynamic capabilities theory, GSCM is conceptualised as a set of structured operational practices, SCRES as an adaptive capability, and SCV as a higher-order outcome reflecting sustained supply chain functioning under prolonged disruption. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 420 manufacturing firms in Saudi Arabia. GSCM and SCV were modelled as higher-order multidimensional constructs, whereas SCRES was modelled as a single reflective construct. The model was estimated using a two-stage hierarchical component approach, and structural relationships were tested using PLS-SEM with 5000 bootstrap resamples. GSCM was positively associated with SCRES (β = 0.465, p < 0.001) and SCV (β = 0.263, p < 0.001), and SCRES was positively associated with SCV (β = 0.438, p < 0.001) and partially mediated the GSCM–SCV relationship (indirect effect = 0.204; VAF = 43.7%). The model accounted for 21.7% of the variance in SCRES and 36.9% in SCV. The results integrate GSCM, resilience, and viability within a capability-based mediation framework and indicate that green practices are associated with long-term viability primarily through resilience capability. The findings carry direct implications for manufacturers operating under the policy ambition of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Saudi Green Initiative.