Frequent Use of Hematologic Testing in Children Admitted for Nonaccidental Trauma

Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) can present with bleeding symptoms. Judicious use of hematologic testing is recommended to evaluate for medical causes of bleeding, while acknowledging inherited bleeding disorders and NAT may be present concurrently. A retrospective chart review using the Pediatric Health Information System database identified pediatric patients <18 years of age with an ICD diagnostic code for NAT associated with admission. Using laboratory charge data, we identified the hematologic testing sent and the number of encounters with expanded hematologic testing (EHT), defined as testing beyond CBC, PT, PTT, Factor IX, and von Willebrand testing (and fibrinogen/d-dimer in cases of intracranial hemorrhage). In 9561 admissions meeting inclusion criteria, laboratory testing was sent in 91.9% of encounters and EHT in 35.9% of encounters. The most common EHT test being fibrinogen. EHT was associated with a significant increase in laboratory-associated charges. Only 69 children (0.7%) were later identified to have an underlying bleeding disorder, most commonly von Willebrand Disease. Factors associated with EHT included hematology consultation, young age, higher income, and private health insurance. Despite few patients diagnosed with underlying bleeding disorders, EHT was frequently obtained. Sociodemographic features may influence testing decisions. Adherence to guidelines for evaluation may help reduce disparities.