Foreign Languages in the Practice of the Aptekarskii Prikaz (Apothecary Chancery): Formal and Informal Interactions of Native Speakers in Early Modern Russia

The article is devoted to the diversity of languages recorded in the written sources of the Apothecary Chancery (Aptekarskii Prikaz). The sources are mainly historical sources containing autographs of foreigners. In addition to medical recipes, which use professional medical terminology, domestic written records, which contain foreigners' autograph endorsement of statement in criminal cases, as well as salary receipt voucher. The cases of communication between doctors and patients belonging to fundamentally different language groups are considered as a separate research problem. Hypotheses are put forward about the circumstances and mechanisms of such interactions and the role of intermediaries (translators). The peculiarities of interpenetration of languages are considered: foreigners' use of Russian words and borrowings into Russian of words of Latin and Greek origin.