Forced Oscillation Detection Using Hybrid Knowledge–Deep Learning Features

Accurate detection of forced oscillations is important for the stable operation of power systems. The method based on prior knowledge relies on manual feature extraction, which has limited ability to characterize non-stationary signals. While deep learning (DL) methods can automatically learn features, they may overlook the physical mechanisms of power systems, potentially leading to misjudgments. We propose a Hybrid Knowledge-DL network (HKD-SVM) that utilizes Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifier. In our method, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to represent the time–frequency structure of the input signals, and DL features are extracted by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) from this time–frequency representation. These learned features are subsequently fused with prior knowledge features that carry explicit physical interpretations, thereby constructing a more discriminative feature representation space. Finally, SVM is adopted as the classifier, making the network well-suited for nonlinear, high-dimensional classification scenarios with limited training samples, which are common in power system applications. Experiments on both simulated and real-world phasor measurement unit (PMU) data demonstrate that HKD-SVM outperforms purely data-driven and purely knowledge-driven methods. The proposed method provides an effective solution for power system oscillation detection.