Flexible PVDF ‐Based Piezoelectric Composites: From Materials Engineering to Intelligent Sensing Systems

ABSTRACT

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers combine electromechanical activity with mechanical compliance, making them important matrix materials for flexible piezoelectric devices. Unlike conventional brittle piezoelectric ceramics and single crystals, PVDF‐based composites can maintain stable functional performance during repeated bending, twisting, and stretching, which makes them attractive for wearable electronics and real‐time monitoring. This review examines recent progress in flexible PVDF‐based piezoelectric materials from molecular and interfacial design to device integration. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms by which fillers with different dimensions and surface chemistries promote polar‐phase nucleation and stabilization, and to the roles of interfacial architecture, conductive or ferroelectric network topology, and fabrication method in determining electromechanical coupling. Hybrid transduction strategies that combine piezoelectricity with piezoresistive and triboelectric effects are also discussed in the context of multifunctional sensing, ambient‐energy harvesting, and actuation. By relating material selection and processing to device function, this review identifies the principal trade‐offs among electromechanical performance, flexibility, processability, and long‐term reliability, and outlines directions toward scalable and environmentally responsible flexible piezoelectric systems.