First record and captive transmission of Neobenedenia sp. in Pacific tripletail ( Lobotes pacificus ) from Costa Rica: implications for biosecurity

The translocation of wild-caught fish into captive systems represents a pathway for the introduction of ectoparasites into closed marine environments. This report documents the first record of Neobenedenia sp. (Monopisthocotylea: Capsalidae) infesting Pacific tripletail ( Lobotes pacificus ) from Costa Rica; caligid copepods of the genus Caligus were also detected. Parasite transmission under captive conditions and subsequent control measures were evaluated. An adult specimen captured near Isla Venado (Gulf of Nicoya) was transferred to a marine park facility containing conspecifics. Approximately one month later, transmission of Neobenedenia sp. to resident fish was detected. Parasites were identified morphologically at the genus level. Control measures targeting the Neobenedenia infestation included temperature-adjusted freshwater baths and nylon-thread collectors to monitor egg deposition. Repeated treatments combined with egg monitoring resulted in absence of Neobenedenia sp. eggs, confirming interruption of its life cycle and cessation of transmission. This report provides baseline parasitological information for L. pacificus in Costa Rica and highlights the importance of parasite identification and structured quarantine protocols based on parasite developmental biology to prevent establishment of ectoparasite infestation in marine display and aquaculture systems.