First evaluation of wearable radiation protection for human deep space exploration, as flown on Artemis I
Jordan M. Houri, Thomas Berger, Ramona Gaza, Hesham Hussein, Shirit Schwarz, Gideon Waterman, Daniel Matthiä, Karel Marsalek, Bartos Przybyla, Joachim Aeckerlein, Maximilian Radenhaeuser, Moritz Kasemann, Kathleen Coderre, W. Paul Segars, Ehsan Samei, Anuj J. Kapadia, Kerry Lee, Diego Laramore, Stuart P. George, Edward Semones, Oren MilsteinWith preparations underway for extended-duration crewed deep space missions, the health risks of solar particle events (SPEs) to astronauts are becoming increasingly pertinent. To address this hazard, the AstroRad vest, a personal radiation shielding garment providing targeted organ protection, was tested during Artemis I. Two anthropomorphic female phantoms, equipped with internal and external passive and active dosimeters, were flown aboard the Orion spacecraft: one unshielded and the other wearing AstroRad. Inner Van Allen belt transit active dosimeter measurements were extrapolated to simulate SPE scenarios, predicting effective dose reductions of ∼60% for an August 1972–like SPE and nearly 40% for an October 1989–like SPE, varying slightly with anatomical model. Such reductions could spare astronauts the equivalent of up to 193 and 131 days of deep space radiation exposure, respectively. These findings demonstrate that wearable shielding such as AstroRad could serve as a vital element for safe and sustainable human deep space exploration.