Finite-Time Sliding Mode Control of an LCC-S-Based Wireless-Power-Transfer-Enabled Hybrid Energy-Storage System for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

The integration of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology with fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) offers a viable solution to enhance energy accessibility, increase flexibility, and improve driving sustainability. However, the coordinated operation of wireless charging systems, hybrid energy-storage systems (HESSs), and vehicular propulsion units introduces significant control challenges due to nonlinear dynamics, parameter uncertainties, and rapidly varying load demands. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a WPT–FCHEV architecture comprising an LCC-S-based wireless charging system, a fuel cell source, a battery, ultracapacitor-based HESS, and an induction-motor (IM) drive. Comprehensive mathematical models of the respective charging and propulsion stages are developed by incorporating the dynamics of the LCC-S-compensated WPT, energy-storage units, bidirectional DC–DC converter interfaces, DC bus, and IM drive. A constant-coefficient-based finite-time sliding mode controller (CCFTSMC) is designed to regulate fuel cell current, battery current, ultracapacitor current, DC bus voltage, and motor speed, thereby ensuring finite-time convergence and robust tracking performance under dynamic operating conditions. The efficacy of the proposed framework is investigated through extensive simulation in MATLAB/Simulink under charging and propulsion scenarios. The obtained results demonstrate accurate current regulation and power allocation, effective DC bus voltage regulation, good speed tracking, and stable wireless charging operation. Compared with the conventional Backstepping controller, the proposed CCFTSMC achieves a 93.41% reduction in settling time and a 38.06% reduction in rise time, demonstrating superior transient and steady-state tracking performance with reduced RMSE and MAE tracking errors. Robustness analysis under ±20% parameter variations further demonstrates stable operation without controller retuning, with WPT power maintained between 309.5 and 310.6 W under mutual-inductance variation and only marginal speed RMSE variation under converter inductance and resistance uncertainties. These results confirm the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for WPT–FCHEV applications.